Evolution of On-Line Learning: Implications for Teaching, Learning and Work-Places in st the 21 Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66545/c412rf98Keywords:
Asynchronous learning, digital technology, on-line learning, synchronous learning, teachingAbstract
On-line learning has transformed educational landscapes over the past two decades, providing flexible and innovative methods for teaching and learning. It can operate through almost any electronic device connected to the internet. Students engaged in distance learning in real time, with teachers giving live-streaming classes via the internet, are performing synchronous learning. Some of the merits of On-line education include: reduced teaching costs, learning at one's own speed, less time, increased access to knowledge and learning. The effectiveness of On-line education can be assessed at a number of levels: development of life skills, the degree
of economic worth, the relevance of the content, knowledge acquisition and improvement in implementation among others. However, this paper focused on the evolution of On-line learning: implications for teaching, learning and work-places in the 21st century. Five areas of questions guided the study, using theoretical research approach. It explores the various dimensions of On-line learning, including synchronous and asynchronous modalities, advantages, disadvantages, and the critical role of technology and pedagogy integration. More so, the implications for educators, students, and work-places are examined, focusing on how On-line learning has reshaped educational practices and professional development. It was recommended among others that Government should positively demonstrate more serious attitude to the use of On-line instruction in schools with the provision of adequate funding and its facilities for effective use of On-line instructions
References
Anderson, T. (2020). Theories for distance education. In M. G. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of distance education (4th ed., pp. 55-68). Routledge.
Anderson, T. (2008). The theory and practice of on-line learning. Athabasca University Press.
Baran, E. (2014). A review of research on mobile learning in teacher education. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 14(4), 305-326.
Bawa, P. (2016). Retention in on-line courses: Exploring issues and solutions. ALiterature Review. SAGE Open, 6(1),
Bersin, J. (2018). The rise of the modern learner: Trends in corporate learning and development. Deloitte Insights.
Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R. F., Tamim, R., & Abrami, P. C. (2004). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in distance education. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 379-393.
Bozkurt, A., Akgun-Ozbek, E., & Ozcinar, Z. (2020). An overview of distance education in the 21st century. Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 9(1), 22-34.
Bullen, M., & Morgan, T. (2014). The role of hybrid learning in the future of higher education. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 10(2), 51-63.
Chen, P. D., & Cheng, G. H. (2020). Exploring the effectiveness of On-line learning for h i g h e r education students. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(1), 145-167.
Chen, C. (2019). Synchronous and asynchronous communication: Acomparative study in on-line learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 22(4), 27-38.
Cleveland-Innes, M., & Campbell, P. (2012). Embracing technology in on-line learning: An integrative approach. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 38(1), 1-15.
Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C., & Larson, B. (2020). Work-from-anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility. Harvard Business Review.
Ellis, C. D. (2007). Teaching and learning On-line: The role of On-line learning environments in education." Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 35(1), 9-17.
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2010). The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: A retrospective. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(1-2), 5-9.
Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines.Jossey-Bass.
Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 95-105.
Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends, and future directions. In Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs (pp. 3-21). Pfeiffer Publishing.
Green, M. B. & McNea, S. K. (2015). "Work-place learning: Areview of the literature. Journal of Work-place Learning, 27(5), 347-367
Harrison, R., & Rainer, J. (2019). Evaluating the quality and effectiveness of On-line education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(2),146-158.
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and on-line learning. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/t
Horn, M. B., & Staker, H. (2014). Blended: using disruptive innovation to improve schools. Jossey-Bass.
Hrastinski, S. (2008). Asynchronous and Synchronous e-learning. Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 51-55.
Laurillard, D. (2020). Teaching as a design science: Building pedagogical patterns for learning and technology (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Luo, T. (2018). The effectiveness of asynchronous on-line learning: A review of the literature.
Journal of On-line Learning and Teaching, 14(1), 45-60.
McGill, M. & Hobbs, J. D. (2008). "Work-place learning: The role of on-line learning and its impact. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(2), 107-124.
McMurtrey, M. P., McGaughey, M. D., & Gable, K. L. (2008). On-line versus traditional instruction: A comparison of student performance and satisfaction. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 23(2), 106-115.
Ko, A. C., & Rossen, S. (2010). Teaching on-line: APractical guide. Routledge.
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (2011). Distance education: A systems view of on-line learning (3rd ed.). Wadsworth Publishing
Morris, L., Kocak, G., & Peters, J. (2019). On-line learning and student engagement: Challenges and solutions. International Journal of On-line Pedagogy and Course Design, 9(2), 35-49.
Noble, D. (2018). Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education. Monthly Review Press.
Johnson, C. R., & Johnson, P. M. (2000). The role of on-line learning in the development of a global workforce. Human Resource Development International, 3(1), 65-83.
Oblinger, D. G. & Oblinger, J. L. (2005). "Educating the Net Generation." EDUCAUSE
Parker, A., Noyes, J., & Martinez, J. (2013). Supporting students in on-line learning environments: The role of on-line academic advising. Journal of On-line Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 199-213.
Rogers, J. E. (2010). The future of on-line learning: An overview of trends and issues. TechTrends, 54(3), 13-22.
Rogers, J. (2017). Self-discipline and motivation in on-line learning: Strategies for success. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(2), 223-235.
Selwyn, N. (2016). Education and technology: Key issues and debates. Bloomsbury Academic.
Smith, A., & Rupp, W. T. (2019). The future of learning and development in the work-place. Journal of Work-place Learning, 31(2), 123-138.
Watson, J. (2018). The evolution of on-line education and its impact on schools and universities. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(2), 45-55.
Wang, M., Chen, S., & Liang, J. (2013). The effects of social interaction on on-line learning outcomes. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 16(4), 151-160.